OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT CONDITION, IN PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION AND THE RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF THE RICE CROP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Danica Andreevska, Mirjana Menkovska, Dobre Andov
"Ss Cyril and Methodius" University in Skopje, Agricultural Institute ‑ Skopje, Republic of Maedonia
danicaandreevska@yahoo.com
The rice is a traditional cereal in the Republic of Macedonia, and through centuries it was mainly used as one of the essential food for its population. From the total area in the country 43,6% or 11 210 km2 belong to the agricultural land from which 45,4% are cultivable. In this study we present the current condition in the production, processing, consumption and a part of the research work on rice in the Republic of Macedonia. We consider the main regions for rice growing, the meteorological data for rice vegetation, the sown rice areas and yields, taking also into consideration the areas preparing for rice sowing, application of fertilizers, their quality, the way and time of application, deseases and pests, the harvest way and processing of the crude rice (paddy), as well as the nutritive quality of rice kernel, cooking behavior in comparison with foregn rice varieties. We also consider here the scientific-reserch and applicative work on the rice production in the Republic of Macedonia which was mostly performed at the Rice Institute in Kochani, including breeding of new rice varieties, as well as production of quality seed material. As a result of the scientific-research work, domestic rice varieties were created such as: No-69, No -51, biser-2, kochanski, osogovka, nada-115, ranka, prima riska and montesa were also introduced and registrated. Foreign such as Italian rice varieties: monticheli, p-76/6, san andrea and drago, and new Bulgarian rice varieties: line 305, line-2, L.M-B.P., garant, zemja, mizia, kubrat, horizont, and dunav, were also introduced and registered and included in the Macedonian rice breeding programme. The main limiting factor in the rice production in the republic of Macedonia in future will be the water need for irrigation as well as the shortage of rice growing arable areas, as a consequence of the expansion of the urban environment. However, rice will also represent further a significant agricultural culture for the country, because it satisfies the total domestic rice needs, and significant quantities remain for export.
Keywords: rice; production; processing; consumption; varieties; seed; quality
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