HYGIENIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MICROCLIMATE IN A FARM FOR INTENSIVE BREEDING OF RABBITS
Diyana Dermendzhieva, Gergana Kostadinova, Georgi Petkov, Toncho Dinev, Vasil Vasilev
Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
d.dermendjieva@abv.b
The aim of this study was to investigate the microclimate and to assess its hygienic and ecological properties (temperature/T – o C, relative humidity/RH – %, air velocity/AV – m/s, NH 3 – mg/m 3 , H 2 S mg/m 3 , total dust/TD – mg/m 3 and aerobic plate count/APC (×10 3 CFU/m 3 ) in a farm for intensive breeding of rabbits. The rabbits (in the amount of 595 units – mating, pregnant, does, fattening) were reared in cages, in a building (494 m 2 ) with 4 rooms: I st – 218 m 2 , II nd – 134 m 2 , III rd – 77 m 2 and IV th – 65 m 2 , for 265, 160, 100 and 70 rabbits, respectively. The microclimate parameters were determined for a year, twice per season, on 5 monitoring points (MPs): MP-1, MP-2, MP-3 and MP- 4, in the middle of each room, and on MP-5 at 5 m leeward of the barn. All monitored parameters were determined by Bulgarian State Standard’sand other routine methods. It was found that: a) the barn provides optimal microclimate in terms of T (16.0–25.0 o C) in winter, spring and autumn, and RH (65–70%) in winter at MP-1, MP-2 and MP-3, and in autumn at MP-3 and MP-4, and non-optimal microclimate in terms of T in summer (>25.0 o C), RH in spring (<65%) and summer (>70%) and AV (>2.0 m/s) in all seasons; b) the air of all rooms contains significant quantities of NH 3 (14.3–41.6 mg/m 3 ), H 2 S (1.59–7.15 mg/m 3 ), TD (0.36–5.00 mg/m 3 ) and aerobic mesophilic bacteria – AMB (22.0– 83.0 × 10 3 CFU/m 3 ), which requires their standardization and animal hygiene evaluation; c) in summer, the rabbits in Ist premise are exposed to moderate heat stress (THI = 27.8–28.9 o C); d) the working environment air quality (in the barn) meets the requirements for H 2 S (<7.0 mg/m 3 ) and TD content (<5.0 mg/m 3 ) and deviates from them on NH 3 content (>14.0 mg/m 3 ); e) ambient air quality (at MP-5) doesn’t meet the NH 3 (>0.1 mg/m 3 ), H 2 S (>0.003 mg/m 3 ) and TD (>0.25 mg/m 3 ) content requirements; f) the working environment and ambient air contain significant quantities of TD and AMB, which requires their standardization and hygienic and ecological assessment, respectively.
Keywords: rabbits; barn; microclimate parameters; hygienic/ecological assessmentovi
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